Cataract Surgery

What Causes Cataracts?

Cataracts develop for several reasons, and understanding the risk factors can help you take preventive steps:

Age-Related Cataracts

The most common type, age-related cataracts, develop as the proteins in the lens naturally break down over time. This is a normal part of aging, and most people over 60 experience some degree of cataract formation.

UV Exposure

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can accelerate cataract development. Wearing UV-protective sunglasses and hats when outdoors can help reduce this risk.

Medical Conditions

Diabetes, high blood pressure, and other systemic diseases can increase your risk of developing cataracts earlier than average.

Medications

Certain medications, particularly corticosteroids used to treat inflammation or autoimmune conditions, may increase cataract risk with long-term use.

Eye Injury or Trauma

Traumatic cataracts can develop after an eye injury, sometimes immediately or years later.

Genetics

If cataracts run in your family, you may be at higher risk of developing them yourself.

Types of Cataracts

Understanding the different types of cataracts can help you recognize symptoms early:

Nuclear Cataracts

These develop in the center (nucleus) of the lens and are the most common age-related type. They often cause a gradual hardening of the lens and may initially improve near vision before worsening overall quality.

Cortical Cataracts

These form in the cortex, the outer layer of the lens, and typically develop as white opacities that radiate from the center like spokes on a wheel. They often cause glare and difficulty with contrast sensitivity.

Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts

These develop at the back of the lens and can significantly impact reading and night driving, even when the cataract is small. They tend to progress more rapidly than other types.

Congenital Cataracts

Present at birth or developing in early childhood, congenital cataracts may be inherited or result from maternal infections during x Trusted Source Types of Cataracts National Eye Institute Go to Source pregnancy.

Monofocal IOLs

A monofocal IOL is a standard lens that corrects vision at a single distance, most commonly distance vision. Patients who choose a monofocal IOL will typically still need glasses for near or intermediate vision tasks. Standard monofocal IOLs are generally covered by insurance.

Multifocal and Trifocal IOLs

Multifocal and trifocal IOLs are advanced technology lenses designed to correct vision at multiple distances, including near, intermediate, and distance. These lenses use a specialized optical design to improve range of vision. Some patients may notice visual phenomena such as glare or halos, particularly at night, which often improve with time.

Astigmatism-Correcting IOLs

Astigmatism-correcting IOLs, also known as toric lenses, are designed to address astigmatism in addition to correcting vision. There are both monofocal toric lenses (for single-distance correction) and advanced toric lenses that can correct vision at multiple distances while also treating astigmatism.

Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOLs

Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOLs are advanced technology lenses that create a continuous range of vision by elongating the eye’s focal point. This allows for improved distance and intermediate vision, with functional near vision in many cases, often with fewer visual side effects compared to some multifocal lenses.

Light Adjustable Lenses™ (LAL)

The Light Adjustable Lens (LAL) by RxSight is an advanced technology intraocular lens made from a specialized photosensitive material that allows vision to be customized after cataract surgery. Once your eye has healed, your doctor can precisely adjust the lens using UV light treatments performed in the office. This process allows for refinement of your vision based on your real-world results, offering a level of customization not available with traditional IOLs. Multiple adjustments may be performed before the final prescription is locked in.

During your consultation at Kovach Eye Institute, your surgeon will evaluate your eyes, discuss your vision goals, and recommend the IOL that best aligns with your lifestyle and visual needs.

Learn more about IOL Options

Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery with CATALYS®*

While traditional cataract surgery uses handheld instruments and ultrasound (phacoemulsification), select patients may benefit from a laser-assisted bladeless approach that enhances accuracy during the procedure. 

We utilize the CATALYS® Laser System, from Johnson & Johnson – an advanced femtosecond laser platform featuring high-resolution 3D imaging and computer-guided precision to support meticulous surgical planning and execution. 

The CATALYS® system allows surgeons to: 

• Create precise corneal incisions
• Perform a highly accurate capsulotomy 
• Gentle softening of the cataract before removal
• Customize treatment using real-time imaging
• Ability to treat certain types of astigmatism
• Designed to support a comfortable surgical experience and recovery

By increasing precision during these critical steps, laser-assisted cataract surgery can enhance surgical consistency. Studies have shown that patients undergoing femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery may have up to a x Trusted Source Study: Effective lens position advances accuracy Krader CG Go to Source 20% higher likelihood of achieving 20/20 vision or better compared to surgery performed with a manual blade, depending on individual factors and lens selection.

During your cataract consultation, our surgeons will determine whether laser cataract surgery is the best option for your eyes and vision goals.

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*Disclaimer: Bladeless cataract surgery, also known as laser-assisted cataract surgery, uses advanced laser technology to assist with certain steps of the procedure. However, it may not be appropriate for every patient or for every part of the surgery. Your surgeon will determine the safest and most effective surgical approach based on your eye health and individual needs. In some cases, surgeons may use traditional microsurgical instruments or a combination of laser technology and manual techniques to achieve the best possible outcome.

ORA with VerifEye™ Intraoperative Aberrometry

Selecting the correct intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical to achieving optimal results. Kovach Eye Institute uses ORA with VerifEye™, a real-time intraoperative measurement system that helps refine lens selection during surgery.

After the cataract is removed, ORA:

• Measures the eye’s refractive power
• Confirms ideal IOL strength
• Assists in astigmatism correction
• Supports precision placement of advanced technology lenses

Because these measurements are taken during surgery — not just before — ORA adds an additional layer of accuracy, particularly for patients choosing toric, multifocal, extended depth of focus, or Light Adjustable Lenses.

Recovery and Post-Operative Care

Immediate Recovery (First 24 Hours)

Most patients notice improved vision within hours of surgery, though vision may be slightly blurry initially. You’ll need someone to drive you home, as you cannot drive on the day of surgery.

First Week

During the first week, follow these guidelines:

• Use prescribed eye drops as directed, typically four times daily
• Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye
• Wear the protective shield provided, especially at night
• Avoid strenuous activity, heavy lifting, and swimming
• Wear sunglasses to protect your eye from bright light

Weeks 2-4

Vision continues to improve as the eye heals. You can gradually resume normal activities, though you should still avoid heavy exercise and contact sports. Most patients can return to work within a few days to a week, depending on their job.

Full Recovery

Most patients achieve stable vision within 4-6 weeks after cataract surgery. Your final eyeglass prescription can be determined at your post-operative visit, typically 4-6 weeks after surgery.

Potential Complications and How We Manage Them

While cataract surgery is very safe, like any surgical procedure, there are potential risks. Your surgeon will discuss these with you during your consultation:

Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)

The most common complication, occurring in approximately 20-30% of patients within 5 years after surgery, PCO develops when the back of the lens capsule becomes cloudy. This is easily treated with a quick laser procedure called YAG capsulotomy, which restores improved vision.

Infection

Post-operative infection is rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases. Proper use of prescribed antibiotics and eye drops significantly reduces this risk.

Inflammation

Some inflammation is normal after surgery and is managed with prescribed anti-inflammatory eye drops.

Swelling (Corneal Edema)

Temporary swelling of the cornea may occur but typically resolves within days to weeks with appropriate eye drops.

Retinal Detachment

This rare complication occurs in less than 1% of cataract surgeries. Symptoms include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow in your peripheral vision. Contact us immediately if you experience these symptoms.

Our surgeons’ extensive experience and advanced surgical techniques minimize the risk of complications. Should any occur, our team is prepared to manage them promptly and effectively.

Comprehensive Eye Care at Multiple Locations

Kovach Eye Institute serves patients throughout Chicago and the Chicagoland area with offices in Naperville, Elmhurst, South Barrington, and Lincolnwood. Our multiple locations make it convenient for you to access world-class cataract surgery and comprehensive eye care close to home.

Advanced Surgical Facilities and Accreditation

Surgeons at Kovach Eye Institute perform procedures at the Ophthalmology Surgery Center of Illinois (OSCI), a physician-owned,  AAAHC accredited ambulatory surgery center founded by Dr. Kevin J. Kovach.

Designed specifically for ophthalmic procedures, OSCI provides a specialized outpatient environment for advanced eye surgery, including cataract surgery and vision correction procedures. The center is equipped with advanced surgical technology and supported by experienced clinical teams focused exclusively on eye care.

Advanced Technology and Techniques

We utilize advanced  surgical technology to ensure optimal outcomes. Our commitment to staying at the forefront of ophthalmology means you benefit from the most current advances in cataract surgery.

Patient-Centered Approach

Your vision goals and lifestyle needs guide our treatment recommendations. We take time to understand your concerns and answer all your questions, ensuring you feel confident in your decision to proceed with surgery. Our surgeons are dedicated to patient education, ensuring you fully understand your condition, treatment options, and what to expect throughout your surgical journey.